Anki – This is the greatest tool in the arsenal. It's essentially a flash-card or quizzing program that utilizes a special spacing system for the “cards” or “questions.” This system which uses spaced repetitions is often called an SRS (spaced repetition system) and it makes retaining knowledge much easier. You are presented with a question or sentence, which you then attempt to answer before “flipping” the card. You then score yourself on your response – if you did poorly on the question then you will see it again soon, if you could answer the question easily then you will see the question again after a longer period of time. This system will make the things you know appear less and less often, while making the things you do not know appear more and more often (until you know them, and then they appear less). Watch the tutorial videos on the Anki website to better understand how to use the program. I will also make a more detailed post later on.
EDIT: Since writing this post, Smart.fm has become a subscription service at the URL iknow.jp
Dictionaries – I actually have quite a few dictionaries that I use, so I'll be posting multiple. When it comes time to begin building vocabulary and finding example sentences, you'll probably want to use multiple as well. However, for the beginning steps a single dictionary should do the trick. Initially you're going to want to use the Japanese to English dictionaries, but as your vocabulary builds you should eventually switch to using Japanese monolingual dictionaries (most of the sites have both).
Yahoo! Japan's Dictionary (Japanese monolingual is the top section, the Japanese to English dictionary entry is usually the third down)
goo Dictionary (Japanese monolingual is the top section, the Japanese to English dictionary entry is usually the third down)
ALC (This one is really more for example sentences)
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